IDENTIFICATION
Common name: Mancozeb
Other name: mancozeb (BSI, E-ISO); mancozebe ((m) F-ISO); manzeb (JMAF)
Iupac name: manganese ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) (polymeric) complex with zinc salt
Chemical abstracts name: Abstracts name [[1,2-ethanediylbis[carbamodithioato]](2-)]manganese mixture with [[1,2-ethanediylbis[carbamodithioato]] (2-)]zinc
Type: Fungicide
CAS RN: [8018-01-7] (formerly [8065-67-6]); [8018-01-7] is also applied to other mixed manganese and zinc ethylenebis(dithiocarbamate) complexes
M.F.: [-SCSNHCH2CH2NHCSSMn-][x|x|x](Zn)[x|y|x]
PHYSICAL CHEMISTRY
Form (appearance): Greyish-yellow powder.
Composition: The ISO definition is `a complex of zinc and maneb containing 20% of manganese and 2.55% of zinc, the salt present being stated (for instance mancozeb chloride)`.
M.P.: Decomposes at 192-204℃
V.P.: Negligible at 20℃
F.P.: 137.8℃ (Tag open cup)
S.G.: 1.92
Solubility.: In water 6.2 ppm (pH 7.5, 25℃). Insoluble in most organic solvents; dissolves in solutions of powerful chelating agents but cannot be recovered from them.
Stability: Stable under normal, dry storage conditions. Slowly decomposed by heat and moisture. On hydrolysis (25℃), DT50 20 d (pH 5), 17 h (pH 7), 34 h (pH 9). Mancozeb a.i. is unstable and the tech. not isolated; the formulated product is produced in continuous process.
APPLICATION
Formulation types: DP; DS; SC; WG; WR
Biochemistry: Non-specific thiol reactant, inhibiting respiration.
Mode of action: Non-specific thiol reactant, inhibiting respiration.
Uses: Control of many fungal diseases (e.g. blight, leaf spot, rust, downy mildew, scab, etc.) in field crops, fruit, nuts, vegetables, ornamentals, etc. Particular uses include control of early and late blights of potatoes and tomatoes (at 1.36 kg a.i./ha); Rhizoctonia solani and Streptomyces scabies on seed potatoes; leaf spot diseases on celery, cucurbits, beet, berries and currants; rusts on cereals, vegetables, roses, carnations, asparagus, beans, apples and plums (at 1.6 kg/ha); downy mildews on hops, vines, onions, leeks, lettuce, cucurbits, ornamentals and tobacco; Gloeodes pomigena, Glomerella cingulata, Microthyriella rubi and Physalospora obtusa on apples; scab on apples and pears (at 2.4-3.6 kg/ha); sigatoka disease (Cercospora rnusae) in bananas; shot-hole of stone fruit; anthracnose of beans and cucurbits; damping-off diseases of vegetables; black leg of beet; needle cast in forestry; and many seed-borne diseases of cereals. Used for foliar application or as a seed treatment.
MAMMALIAN TOXICOLOGY
Reviews: FAO/WHO 68, 70 (see part 2 of the Bibliography)
Oral: Acute oral LD50 for rats >5000 mg/kg.
Skin and eye: Acute percutaneous LD50 for rats >10000, rabbits >5000 rog/kg. Mild to moderate skin irritant; moderate eye irritant.
Inhalation: LC50 (4 h) for rats >5.14 mg/I.
ADI: (JMPR) 0.03 mg/kg b.w. (group ADI with maneb, metiram and zineb); ethylenethiourea 0.004 mg/kg b.w. [1993].
Other At very high levels, mancozeb has caused birth defects in test animals; ethylenethiourea, a trace contaminant and breakdown product of mancozeb, has caused thyroid effects, tumours and birth defects in laboratory animals.
Toxicity: WHO (a.i.) Ⅲ (Table 5); EPA (formulation) Ⅳ
EC hazard: Xi; R37| R43
ECOTOXICOLOGY
Birds: In 10-day dietary studies, there were no mortalities in mallard ducks at 6400 mg/kg daily, and in Japanese quail at 3200 mg/kg daily.
Fish: LC50 (48 h) for goldfish 9.0, rainbow trout 2.2, catfish 5.2, carp 4.0 mg/l.
Worms:
Bees LC50 0.193 mg/bee.
ENVIRONMENTAL FATE
Plant: Extensively metabolized in plants, forming ethylenethiourea, ethylenethiuram monosulfide, products, especially those derived from glycine.
Animals: EHC 78 (WHO, 1988; general review of dithiocaarbamates).
Soil/Environment: Rapidly degraded in the environment by hydrolysis, oxidation, photolysis, and metabolism. DT50 in soil c. 6-15 d. Koc>2000.
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